Imagine a young entrepreneur in Nairobi, a brilliant mind with a game-changing idea. She has the passion, the drive, and the solution to a critical problem. Her name is Akinyi.



With no real experience in business, Akinyi sensibly decides to invest some time immersing herself in the top management books.



She devours The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People and becomes super proactive.



She studies Good to Great and meticulously crafts her niche offering using the hedgehog model.



She reads Start with Why and contemplates the deeper purpose of her product.



And she diligently applies the lessons from How to Win Friends and Influence People in all her day-to-day interactions.



Yet, despite this, Akinyi, like hundreds of thousands of other entrepreneurs before her, ultimately fails in her quest. Why?



Because all these great business books failed to adequately express the importance of networks.



And without networks, even the most talented people can never succeed.



So, what exactly is a network and why are they critical links in your chain of future success?



Most dictionaries define a network as an action or process of interacting with others to exchange information and develop professional or social contacts. This, in my eyes, is incomplete. It fails to capture the essence of what networking is really all about. It doesn&#8217;t answer the &#8216;why&#8217; of networking.



Because, to me, networking is actually the process of getting others to willingly offer you their resources to support your goals. These resources could be capital. They could be introductions. It could be knowledge. It could be many things, but ultimately the power of the network is how it helps you to do things you couldn&#8217;t possibly achieve alone.



And to get that type of support, you have to be skilled in getting others to not only trust you, you have to get them to believe that by helping you, they too will benefit at some time in the future.



If that sounds difficult to pull off, it is. It takes planning. And to do it well you need to allocate a lot of time.



If you are wondering how much time you should allocate to networking compared to your other business demands, consider how important networks really are.



It&#8217;s widely acknowledged, for example, that a significant portion of jobs are never publicly advertised. &nbsp;These &#8220;hidden&#8221; opportunities are often filled through personal connections and referrals, highlighting the power of networks in accessing the unadvertised job market. This makes intuitive sense; employers often prefer to hire someone they know or trust, or someone recommended by a trusted source.



An even more compelling illustration of the power of networks can be seen in the success of startup incubators like Y Combinator (YC), Techstars, and 500 Global. &nbsp;While these programs offer valuable resources like seed funding and mentorship, their greatest asset is arguably their extensive network of successful entrepreneurs and investors. This network provides startups with crucial connections, advice, and potential partnerships that can significantly increase their chances of success.



The facts are pretty simple. Startups that use incubators are twice as likely to still be in existence after five years. And looking at some of the famous brands that have benefited from these incubators, such as Airbnb, Stripe, Dropbox, Canva, Uber, Coinbase, DoorDash, and more recently, OpenAI, there is compelling evidence that you are far more likely to reach billion-dollar valuations by being part of their network than trying to go it alone.



OpenAI, in particular, showcases the power of networks. Its founder, Sam Altman, a former Y Combinator president, leveraged his connections to secure funding from influential figures like Elon Musk, Reid Hoffman, and Peter Thiel. &nbsp;Interestingly, these individuals were already connected through their shared experience founding PayPal, further highlighting the compounding effect of networks.



And it is these networks that have fueled the growth of some of the world&#8217;s biggest companies. For 50- plus years, the United States has been mastering the art of creating virtuous ecosystems that bring together politicians, business leaders, universities, business schools, funders and incubators, creating more unicorns than any other country in the world.



The top 10 companies in Silicon Valley alone generate around $2 trillion of revenue every year. That&#8217;s approximately the same as the GDP of whole countries like Canada or Italy!



So, what is my advice for Akinyi and anyone else that wants to be successful in life?



Stop reading business books. Get out into the world. Build relationships with successful business people. Get them to share their stories. Join incubators. Get funding, even if you don’t need it. Do whatever you can to build your network.



You’ll learn more. You’ll hone your business skills faster. You’ll have more fun. And you never know. Maybe it will be the catalyst that propels you to build Africa’s next unicorn!

Tech scene in Cape Town, South Africa

Expert-Speak: Stop Reading Books. Try This Instead

Vilanculos is Mozambique’s untouched gem with its benevolent sun, sand, surf – and horses, as this writer discovered.



The photographs in the brochure show poised, slender women sitting atop horses in the ocean. Why then am I struggling to get a foot into the saddle and horse trainer, Mary Retzlaff, is trying to heave me onto her horse, Black Beauty. The scene is anything but beautiful and I narrowly miss slipping out of the stirrup and crashing face first into the cold Indian Ocean.



But once atop the brown beast, the view is magnificent and as Black Beauty begins to gently gallop with me wobbling to find my balance, I feel like I’m on top of the world.&nbsp;&nbsp;



“Horses love water,” Retzlaff chuckles, knee-deep in waves. She and her husband, Pat, rescued dozens and it’s all detailed in her book, One Hundred and Four Horses: A Memoir of Farm and Family, Africa and Exile.



Pat and Retzlaff were farmers in Zimbabwe whose lives were turned upside downin early 2001 when armed members of President Robert Mugabe&#8217;s War Veterans&#8217; Association reportedly began violently reclaiming farmlands owned by white Zimbabweans. They were forced to flee.


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="683" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/GettyImages-1912155661-1.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-65007" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/GettyImages-1912155661-1.jpg 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/GettyImages-1912155661-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/GettyImages-1912155661-1-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Tourists Getting On A Dhow In Vilanculos Beach, Bazaruto Archipelago. Mozambique. (Photo by Universal Images Group via Getty Images)</figcaption></figure></div>


As families across the country abandoned their land, they left behind their horses. Devoted animal lovers, Pat and Retzlaff – virtually bankrupt themselves – vowed to save homeless horses, risking their lives and using all their money, to bring them to safety&nbsp;across the border into Mozambique.



Now visitors to the coastal town of Vilanculos,&nbsp;about 750km north of Maputo, Mozambique&#8217;s capital, can ride atop some of the horses the Rezlaffs saved. It’s the perfect vantage point to&nbsp;soak in the&nbsp;pristine beaches and dazzling views that make this a traveler’s paradise.



Growing extensively over the last decade, the town of Vilanculos is the gateway to the Bazaruto Archipelago,&nbsp;a chain of islands in a marine national park. The area has become a favorite Mozambique holiday destination and stopover for many sunseekers.&nbsp;Known for their&nbsp;unspoilt beauty and diverse ecologies, the crystal-clear coral reefs are home to more than 2,000 fish species as well as whales and dolphins.&nbsp;Famous Mozambique prawns and beers are readily available in the town’s markets where the stalls spill over with fresh fruit, vegetables and a variety of arts and crafts.



&#8220;When visiting Vilanculos, there&#8217;s a lot of things you can do,” smiles Mayor Joaquim Quinto.



“We have the islands, cultural tours where you can experience how people live, boat trips or you can simply take a walk on the beach. You fall in love again when you are in Vilanculos,&#8221; he says.



This is true for co-owner of Mangal Beach Lodge,&nbsp;Paula&nbsp;Almeida.


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="684" height="1024" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/GettyImages-1912155126.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-65006" style="width:372px;height:auto" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/GettyImages-1912155126.jpg 684w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/GettyImages-1912155126-200x300.jpg 200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Fish Vendor At The Municipal Market, Vilanculos, Bazaruto Archipelago. Mozambique. (Photo by:Universal Images Group via Getty Images)</figcaption></figure></div>


&#8220;We decided to build something because we wanted people to get to know this place. When we came here, there was nothing; it was empty. We fell in love with it,” she exclaims.



South African, Steven Kotze,&nbsp;has been holidaying here since he was a boy. Five years ago, he and his family settled in Vilanculos permanently to realize a lifelong dream of taking tourists out on their boat.



For Kotze,&nbsp;it’s all about making dreams come true.



“The beautiful bay has calm and shallow waters which are ideal for water sports and fun in the sun. This is&nbsp;a unique and beautiful place. While Mozambique might not be the first destination one thinks of when planning a holiday, I can promise you that this will be one of the most exciting destinations of your life.”



A former Portuguese colony,&nbsp;Vilanculos, apart from the funny name that makes you smile every time it is pronounced, is a hidden jewel of Africa. As&nbsp;Ana&nbsp;Paula&nbsp;Simoes Da Silva, owner of Villas Do Indico, sums up, “This place is like a gem, it&#8217;s untouched … for now. Thirty kilometers of beach from north to south with nothing. It’s a place to do nothing, which is what people are looking for. To do absolutely nothing,” she chuckles!

Local Boys Relaxing In A Dhow On Vilanculos Beach During Low Tide, Bazaruto Archipelago; Mozambique

A Former Portuguese Colony That’s Africa’s Hidden Jewel

<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-topline">Topline</h2>



Federal investigators are investigating claims suggesting Pfizer delayed announcing test results of its Covid vaccine until after the 2020 presidential election, the Wall Street Journal&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wsj.com/health/pharma/pfizer-covid-vaccine-2020-election-probe-2f3ec247?mod=hp_lead_pos11" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">reported</a>, bolstering a claim by President Donald Trump, who has said for years the company withheld vaccine results to impact his chances at reelection.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">Key Facts</h2>



The U.S. attorney’s office in Manhattan is leading an investigation into claims by a scientist who used to work at Pfizer, who allegedly told colleagues and GSK that the company delayed announcing the success of its Covid vaccine until after the 2020 election, people familiar with the matter&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wsj.com/health/pharma/pfizer-covid-vaccine-2020-election-probe-2f3ec247?mod=hp_lead_pos11" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">told</a>&nbsp;the Wall Street Journal.



The scientist, Phil Dormitzer, who no longer works at GSK, reportedly denies making the allegations.



An investigation into the disputed comments follows claims by Trump, who&nbsp;<a href="https://x.com/realdonaldtrump/status/1325961445062938625" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">alleged</a>&nbsp;in a series of social media posts that Pfizer “didn’t have the courage” to announce details about the company’s Covid vaccine until after Election Day in 2020,&nbsp;<a href="https://x.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1325962203346972678" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">suggesting</a>&nbsp;without evidence Pfizer “didn’t want to have me get a Vaccine WIN” before the election.



Investigators have interviewed at least two people in the probe, including a GSK executive who took notes of a conversation with Dormitzer, and prosecutors are expected to soon interview a third person, the Journal reported.



Neither Dormitzer nor Pfizer immediately responded to requests for comment, though Pfizer told&nbsp;<a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/us-prosecutors-probe-tip-about-timing-pfizers-covid-vaccine-wsj-reports-2025-03-26/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Reuters</a>&nbsp;in a statement the company has “consistently and transparently reiterated the facts and the timeline” of its vaccine, arguing, “Theories to the contrary are simply untrue.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-did-pfizer-delay-the-release-of-its-covid-vaccine">Did Pfizer Delay The Release Of Its Covid Vaccine?</h2>



Both Pfizer and its biotech partner BioNTech have denied claims the companies delayed the release of their Covid vaccine. Kathrin Jansen, a senior vice president at Pfizer and head of the company’s vaccine research and development,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.science.org/content/article/fact-check-no-evidence-supports-trump-s-claim-covid-19-vaccine-result-was-suppressed" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">told</a>&nbsp;the American Association for the Advancement of Science shortly after the 2020 election that Pfizer’s vaccine development was “never about politics” and the company “had no time and still have no time to deal with politics.” Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla&nbsp;<a href="https://www.pfizer.com/news/announcements/open-letter-pfizer-chairman-and-ceo-albert-bourla?linkId=102134275" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">suggested</a>&nbsp;in October 2020 the company would know whether its vaccine was effective by the end of the month, though he noted federal guidelines would likely delay Pfizer’s request for an expedited public release until at least the third week of November 2020. Bourla previously projected trial results would come by late September 2020, but the timeline was delayed as the company increased the number of participants in its trial. Bourla&nbsp;<a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/pfizer-ceo-we-didnt-delay-vaccine-results-until-after-election-idUSKBN27X2N2/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">said</a>&nbsp;in November 2020 the company “didn’t conspire with anyone” to delay its trial result.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-has-trump-said-about-pfizer-s-covid-vaccine">What Has Trump Said About Pfizer’s Covid Vaccine?</h2>



Trump has&nbsp;<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/11/11/trump-angry-about-pfizer-vaccine/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">alleged</a>&nbsp;the Food and Drug Administration and Pfizer conspired with the so-called “medical deep state” to delay the release of Pfizer’s vaccine trial results until six days after Election Day in 2020. After the announcement, Trump requested the Department of Health and Human Services to “get to the bottom” of what happened with Pfizer’s alleged delay, the Washington Post&nbsp;<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/11/11/trump-angry-about-pfizer-vaccine/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">reported</a>. He pushed his claims on Twitter, now known as X,&nbsp;<a href="https://x.com/realdonaldtrump/status/1325961445062938625" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">writing</a>, “As I have long said, Pfizer and the others would only announce a vaccine after the election, because they didn’t have the courage to do it before.” Trump claimed the FDA “should have announced it earlier, not for political purposes, but for saving lives.” He later&nbsp;<a href="https://apnews.com/ap-fact-check-trump-distorts-on-vaccine-state-distribution-76d1580f82b1586b207990396c1e3b5f" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">claimed</a>&nbsp;credit for Pfizer’s announcement and suggested the company denied having received financial support from the Trump administration. Though Pfizer never received direct federal funding to develop its vaccine, it did benefit from a nearly $2 billion advance order from the U.S. for 100 million doses.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">Key Background</h2>



Pfizer and BioNTech&nbsp;<a href="https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-announce-vaccine-candidate-against" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">announced</a>&nbsp;the results of their Covid vaccine on Nov. 9, 2020, six days after Election Day. Former President Joe Biden was declared the winner of the 2020 presidential election just two days earlier, a result Trump and some of his allies decried amid false claims of widespread voter fraud. The companies said their vaccine was found to be more than 90% effective in preventing the spread of Covid in a late-stage trial, and the announcement did not indicate the vaccine would be immediately available to the public.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-further-reading">Further Reading</h2>



<a href="https://www.wsj.com/health/pharma/pfizer-covid-vaccine-2020-election-probe-2f3ec247?mod=hp_lead_pos11" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">U.S. Prosecutors Probe Tip About Timing of Pfizer Vaccine</a>&nbsp;(Wall Street Journal)



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img decoding="async" src="https://sync.graph.bluecava.com/ds.png?p=4cb3430d-9dfd-11ef-a5fe-4201ac100015&amp;segment=forbeseval" alt=""/></figure>

Vaccinations at Egoli Township as Omicron Cases Spread

Did Pfizer Delay Covid Vaccine Announcement Until After 2020 Election? Here’s What We Know.

Last week, the country made history by becoming the only African nation with a female President and Vice President. The government also had 14 ministers sworn in on Friday, eight of which are women.



On Friday, Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah was sworn in as Namibia’s new President, becoming the country’s fifth. Following her presentation, the country’s first female head of state pledged to boost investment in the agricultural sector and diversify the resource-focused economy in an attempt to address high unemployment rates.



“Our government is tasked to enhance food security in the country, improve the health of our people, deliver affordable housing, quality education and create job opportunities for thousands of unemployed Namibians,” she said after her inauguration.



“Equally, we have to implement targeted interventions in the priority sectors of agriculture, mining, tourism, sports, and creative industries, among others to accelerate the socio-economic development of our country.”



Lucia Witbooi was also sworn in as Vice President and Ericah Shafudah as Finance Minister.



Dr Esperance Luvindao, FORBES AFRICA 30 Under 30 Class of 2022 listee, was also sworn in as a member of parliament and appointed as the Minister of Health and Social Services in Namibia.



Luvindao is one of eight newly-elected ministers who are women and, according to the medical doctor, it brings a great amount of hope that “a new dispensation has arrived”.



“I don’t think ‘excited’ is quite the word to describe it,” she tells FORBES AFRICA.



“I hope that this becomes the new norm; that headlines like these no longer shock us or feel out of the ordinary, but rather reflect the reality we’ve come to expect. I hope that it becomes standard for a head of state to be a woman, and for cabinets to be predominantly made up of women—appointed on merit, of course.



“We do not believe in assigning positions based solely on gender. But the truth is, some women are skilled, talented, knowledgeable, and experts in their fields. It’s simply time we begin appointing them to their rightful positions to move our countries forward.”



In her first statement as president, Nandi-Ndaitwah said that the day “marks the beginning of the first steps in an important but long five-year journey that we must walk together as a team.”



Other female ministers in the country’s new government include Lucia Iipumbu (Minister of Home Affairs, Immigration, Safety, and Security), Selma Ashipala-Musavyi (Minister of International Relations and Trade), the Minister of Education, Innovation, Youth, Sport, Arts and Culture is now Sanet Steenkamp, with the Environment and Tourism Minister being Indileni Daniel.



The Minister of Gender Equality and Child Welfare is Emma Kantema and the newly appointed speaker of the National Assembly is Saara Kuugongelwa-Amadhila.



Emma Theofelus continues her role as Minister of Information and Communication Technology, a ministry which she was appointed to in 2020, when she was just 23 years old.



“As elected leaders,” Nandi-Ndaitwah said on Friday, “we have an immense responsibility to ensure that we consolidate democracy, peace, stability and good governance in the country, as well as to expedite the delivery of quality public services to all Namibians.”

Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of

Namibia Enters a New Female-Led Political Era

With the cost of entry reportedly five times higher than the EB-5 immigrant investor visa program, and with historically low African participation in investor visas, President Donald Trump’s gold card may struggle to find buyers from Africa.



With several President Joe Biden-era immigration policies being rewritten, U.S. President Donald Trump, who is serving his second terms in office, seems to be banking on a new investor visa scheme—dubbed the ‘gold card’—to boost the American economy.



The program, which allows companies to pay $5 million per applicant to fast-track their work and residency status, has been framed as a superior alternative to the existing EB-5 visa program.



A closer look at the 2024 success rates of the EB-5 visa program revealed a disparity between some African countries and the rest of the world. South Africa, for example, ranked 6th and the only African country in the top 10, accounted for 119 successful applications, a fraction of China’s 8,311 approvals.



The introduction of the gold card program may exacerbate this trend, according to Nzube Ohalete, a Nigerian graduate student in the U.S, who also assists others with scholarship and visa tips.



“A lot of Africans are not utilizing this [EB-5 visa program]. With the increase in price, this number will more likely decrease,” Ohalete tells FORBES AFRICA.



His skepticism is rooted in historical trends: Africa has never been a major player in the EB-5 program, a visa route that grants green cards to foreign investors who commit at least $1 million to U.S. businesses. Now, with the gold card costing five times as much, the question arises—who in Africa can, or will, afford it?



Trump, however, is bullish on the program’s financial impact.



“If we sell a million, right, a million, that’s $5 trillion. If we sell 10 million, that’s $50 trillion. That means our debt is totally paid off, and we have $15 trillion above that,” he claimed during his first cabinet meeting since returning to office.



U.S. Secretary of Commerce, Howard Lutnick, a key architect of the policy, argues that the gold card fixes the flaws of EB-5 by ensuring more accountability.



“For $5 million, they’ll get a license from the Department of Commerce. Then they’ll make a proper investment on the EB-5,” Lutnick explained. “If we sell just 200,000 of these, that’s $1 trillion to pay down our debt.”



Lutnick has been promoting the gold card, claiming on the All-In Podcast, which focuses on business, that 1,000 have already been sold in one day. “There are 37 million people in the world who are capable of buying the card,” he said.



Paul Agada, another Nigerian graduate student in the U.S. and an SDGs advocate, remains unconvinced that the gold card is an improvement over the EB-5.



“The gold card is an old idea in expensive new garb,” Agada says to FORBES AFRICA.



He further suggested that stakeholders on the continent focus resources here first.



“Entrepreneurs need to observe the conversation around the last election. We need to first build our continent before seeking to build another man’s home.”



Trump himself has expressed concerns. Speaking with Fox News, he admitted the program could attract “unsavory people”, though he promised to crack down on any wrongdoing.



Ohalete believes that, rather than turning to the gold card, “wealthy Africans will explore other options for U.S. residency, like the EB-1 and EB-2”.



The EB-1 and EB-2 programs cater to individuals with exceptional abilities and advanced degrees, respectively.

South Africa visa in traveler’s passport

Africans Lag Behind In U.S. Investor Visas, Gold Card Introduction May Widen Gap

<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-topline">Topline</h2>



DeepSeek released an upgrade to its large language model this week, an update the company said featured “significant improvements” over its predecessor as the China-based startup appeared to escalate its rivalry with OpenAI and other U.S. artificial intelligence firms, after an earlier release rattled global tech stocks.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-facts">Key Facts</h2>



DeepSeek&nbsp;<a href="https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3-0324" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">launched</a>&nbsp;an upgrade to its V3 large language model, DeepSeek-V3-0324, on the AI development platform Hugging Face on Tuesday, which the startup marketed as including improvements in reasoning and coding capabilities over its earlier V3 model.



DeepSeek’s V3 large language model was released on Dec. 26, 2024, and the company claimed it was three times faster than its V2 model as it&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/maryroeloffs/2025/01/27/what-is-deepseek-new-chinese-ai-startup-rivals-openai-and-claims-its-far-cheaper/">ranked</a>&nbsp;among the top 10 in Chatbot Arena, a performance platform hosted by the University of California, Berkeley.



The latest update included “significant improvements” across several benchmark tests for the language model, DeepSeek said, in addition to upgrades to front-end web development, Chinese writing proficiency—with new features like “interactive rewriting,” according to the company—and Chinese search capabilities like “enhanced report analysis.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-to-watch-for">What To Watch For</h2>



Whether the latest DeepSeek model impacts U.S. tech stocks. Shares for Nvidia dropped by 1.2% as of 9:35 a.m. EDT, while other stocks like Broadcom (0.6%) and Tesla (0.3%) declined slightly. Apple (0.3%), Meta (0.7%) and Microsoft (0.3%) were up Tuesday morning.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-is-deepseek">What Is Deepseek?</h2>



DeepSeek is an AI startup&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/maryroeloffs/2025/01/27/what-is-deepseek-new-chinese-ai-startup-rivals-openai-and-claims-its-far-cheaper/">founded</a>&nbsp;by Chinese entrepreneur&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/tylerroush/2025/01/28/who-is-behind-deepseek-heres-what-to-know-about-founder-liang-wenfeng/">Liang Wenfeng</a>&nbsp;in 2023. Liang started accumulating thousands of Nvidia graphics processors for an unnamed AI project in 2021, just before the Biden administration restricted trade of those chips to China. He called for China to “gradually transition” to being a contributor in the AI industry, “rather than continuing to ride on the coattails of others.” DeepSeek has claimed its products are more efficient and cost less to train and develop compared to similar products made by OpenAI and Meta. The company said training one of its latest models cost about $5.6 million, far less than the $100 million to $1 billion an AI executive&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/china-ai-deepseek-chatbot-6ac4ad33?mod=livecoverage_web" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">estimated</a>&nbsp;for costs to build a model.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-will-deepseek-be-banned-in-the-u-s">Will Deepseek Be Banned In The U.s.?</h2>



A bipartisan bill&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/tylerroush/2025/02/06/deepseek-should-be-banned-from-federal-devices-lawmakers-urge-after-ai-chatbot-linked-to-banned-chinese-firm/">banning</a>&nbsp;Deepseek from federal devices was introduced in February, after a report linked the company’s chatbot to a banned Chinese state-run telecommunications company. It’s not immediately clear whether the bill will be supported by other lawmakers. The Trump administration is also mulling a ban over national security concerns, a person familiar with the matter told&nbsp;<a href="https://www.reuters.com/technology/us-likely-ban-chinese-app-deepseek-government-devices-wsj-reports-2025-03-07/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Reuters</a>. Some U.S. agencies have already restricted access to DeepSeek, including the U.S. Navy, the Defense Department, the Commerce Department and NASA, among others. The House’s Chief Administrative Officer&nbsp;<a href="https://www.axios.com/2025/01/30/house-congress-bans-deepseek-ai" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">reportedly</a>&nbsp;claimed “threat actors are already exploiting DeepSeek to deliver malicious software and infect devices,” as some congressional offices have been warned not to use DeepSeek.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-background">Key Background</h2>



DeepSeek released its advanced reasoning model R1 in January, a move that appeared to put China in close competition with U.S. tech and AI giants like OpenAI and Meta. R1 achieved performance on par with OpenAI’s o1 model across several benchmarks and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theregister.com/2025/01/26/deepseek_r1_ai_cot/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">reportedly</a>&nbsp;exceeded o1’s in the MATH-500 test. DeepSeek’s R1 model is available for anyone to access, use, study, modify and share, as the open-source model surged to the top of the iPhone download charts—surpassing OpenAI’s ChatGPT. R1’s release sparked&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2025/01/29/deepseek-panic-live-updates-nvidia-stock-drops-4-as-trump-reportedly-mulls-china-chip-sale-restrictions/">declines</a>&nbsp;across several U.S. tech stocks, led by Nvidia closing down 17% on Jan. 27. Nvidia’s dive cut $589 billion off its market cap, marking the largest single-day loss of value for any public company in history. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman praised DeepSeek’s products and noted the R1 model was “impressive … particularly around what [DeepSeek is]able to deliver for the price.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-further-reading">Further Reading</h2>



<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/maryroeloffs/2025/01/27/what-is-deepseek-new-chinese-ai-startup-rivals-openai-and-claims-its-far-cheaper/">What Is DeepSeek? New Chinese AI Startup Rivals OpenAI—And Claims It’s Far Cheaper</a>&nbsp;(Forbes)

Newly Launched Chinese AI App DeepSeek Causes U.S. Tech Stocks To Tumble, Amid Its Rapid Rise To #1 In Apple’s App Store

DeepSeek Launches AI Model Upgrade Amid OpenAI Rivalry—Here’s What To Know

Artificial intelligence boosts smartphones globally, but Africa faces challenges.



AI on smartphones is redefining how we interact with technology, from quicker search with voice to smarter photo edits and predicting daily needs before we realize them; plus, with AI’s pattern-learning, a more personalized user experience.



Samsung first introduced AI to the smartphone with the S24 line-up early in 2024, followed by its Z Foldable range mid-year. Subsequently, brands like Apple, Honor, Oppo and Xiaomi have all introduced some level of AI on its devices.



Androids share similar features, powered by Google AI, such as Gemini – a rival to ChatGPT; Circle to Search; Magic Eraser; Photomojis; and protection against spam and scam calls.



Other features per manufacturer include the ability to summarize notes, create bullet points, transcribe audio and turn it into notes, translate text into multiple languages, summarize web articles to bullet points, etc.



Some devices can compose emails, messages, and social media posts using generative AI, all natively. You just explain the message you want to convey and select different tones, such as professional, casual, friendly, and so on, to get the desired results.



A feature worth noting is Circle to Search, an intuitive way to search for anything you see online, even by pausing a video. You simply long-press the home button, circle what’s on your screen, and receive immediate Google results, with follow-up queries.



Apple also offers AI features, but was late to the party when Apple Intelligence rolled out to more English-speaking markets in December 2024, including South Africa, after its U.S. launch at the end of October. It helps you write; generate images by description with Image Playground or custom emojis; clean up photos by removing unwanted objects; and search intuitively with Siri, which uses ChatGPT when it can’t answer, but asks first if you want ChatGPT to fulfil the request.



You can already use the ChatGPT standalone app, but Apple gives you another layer of privacy when using it through Private Cloud Compute, which deletes your data after the request, whereas ChatGPT uses all your inputs to further train its AI.



AI’s global growth, but Africa’s smartphone decline



AI is revolutionizing industries, with companies and investors pouring billions into research and development across industries like healthcare, finance, entertainment, and consumer technology.



According to a TechCrunch article, the generative AI bubble did not burst in 2024. It reports that investments in generative AI worldwide raised $56 billion from VCs in 2024, from 885 deals. The data was compiled by financial tracker PitchBook for TechCrunch.



That figure is a new record for the segment, when compared to 2023’s total investment of $29.1 billion from 691 deals, it says.



According to the International Data Corporation (IDC)’s five-year forecast for GenAI-capable smartphones, it predicted shipments to reach 234.2 million for 2024, up 363.6% from 50.5 million in 2023, and projects 912 million in 2028.



The IDC predicted total smartphone shipments to grow 5.8% to 1.23 billion units in 2024, up from its previous forecast of 4% growth to 1.21 billion units.



While total and GenAI shipments for the year 2024 is yet to be released, data from research firm Canalys reveals that Africa’s smartphone market grew by 3% year-on-year in Q3 for 2024, reaching 18.4 million units, which it says reflects resilience amid a complex economic landscape.



“South Africa, after six quarters of double-digit growth, saw a sharp 10% decline in shipments as economic uncertainties dampened consumer spending, despite easing inflation and interest rate cuts,” it said.



In the same quarter, Kenya’s shipments also dropped by 10%, whereas Nigeria experienced a 1% growth. North African countries like Egypt saw a 34% growth, but Morocco experienced a 24% decline.



Manish Pravinkumar, Senior Analyst at Canalys for the Middle East and Africa, says the future of Africa’s smartphone market holds immense potential, but significant hurdles remain.



“Feature phones maintained a 55% share of total shipments as of Q3 2024, limiting smartphone expansion. High device taxes continue to hinder growth, posing a dilemma for policymakers between immediate revenue needs and the long-term benefits of broader smartphone adoption,” says Pravinkumar.



“Enhanced smartphone accessibility could drive the development of a robust digital economy, generating sustainable tax revenues over time. Despite these barriers, growing demand for affordable devices, expanding 4G network coverage and innovative financing models, are expected to sustain growth.”



Canalys forecasts a 1% compound annual growth rate for Africa from 2024 to 2028, with 4G remaining the primary driver of new mobile subscriptions over the next five years. The global race for AI may have started, but Africa is lagging behind.

Smiling boy using system AI Chatbot on mobile application. Chatbot conversation, Ai Artificial Intelligence technology. Futuristic technology. Virtual assistant on internet.

Call Into Question: AI On Smartphones

<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-topline">Topline</h2>



Social media platform X said the Turkish government has requested more than 700 accounts be blocked amid protests over the controversial arrest and jailing of Istanbul’s mayor—but X said it wouldn’t comply with the requests, even though some accounts <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/musks-x-suspends-opposition-accounts-turkey-protest-civil-unrest-erdogan-imamoglu-istanbul-mayor/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">say</a> they’ve been censored. 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Key Facts</h2>



In a&nbsp;<a href="https://x.com/GlobalAffairs/status/1903879657755230507" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">statement</a>&nbsp;posted to X, the company’s global affairs team said it received multiple court orders from the Turkish Information and Communication Technologies Authority to block “over 700 accounts of news organizations, journalists, political figures, students, and others within Türkiye.”



The statement called the request “unlawful” and said it would hinder “millions of Turkish users from news and political discourse in their country,” adding, “X will always defend freedom of speech everywhere we operate.”



But, on Saturday, Politico Europe&nbsp;<a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/musks-x-suspends-opposition-accounts-turkey-protest-civil-unrest-erdogan-imamoglu-istanbul-mayor/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">reported</a>&nbsp;X had already suspended a number of accounts “belonging to opposition figures,” including activist Ömer Faruk Aslan, who said in a&nbsp;<a href="https://x.com/Omeraslanyedek/status/1903078542432240084" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">post</a>&nbsp;he made a new account after his former account “was blocked by a court order because the tweets exceeded 6 million views,” and news outlet Bianet, which&nbsp;<a href="https://x.com/bianet_org/status/1904163241741426755" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">said</a>&nbsp;its account is censored.



Some of the accounts were&nbsp;<a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/musks-x-suspends-opposition-accounts-turkey-protest-civil-unrest-erdogan-imamoglu-istanbul-mayor/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">reportedly</a>&nbsp;only suspended in Turkey and remained viewable to people in other countries.



Forbes has reached out to X for comment.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Why Is There Unrest In Turkey?</h2>



Last week, authorities arrested Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu and said he must face trial for corruption charges, according to&nbsp;<a href="https://apnews.com/article/turkey-mayor-jailed-istanbul-f962743f724f00a318f84ffaed7f58de" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">multiple</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/istanbul-mayor-turkey-imamoglu-erdogan-protests-chp-lira-rcna197737" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">outlets</a>. Istanbul’s mayor is accused of leading a criminal organization, overseeing bribery, supporting terrorism, and more, according to The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/24/world/europe/turkey-protests-istanbul-erdogan-imamoglu.html" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">New York Times</a>. Imamoglu, a member of the Republican People’s Party, is largely seen as the main political rival to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and his jailing has been viewed as a political move. Hours after he was jailed, his party elected him as its presidential candidate in the next election, which is scheduled for 2028. From March 19 to Sunday, there have been more than 1,100 people detained, Ali Yerlikata, Turkey’s minister of the interior,&nbsp;<a href="https://x.com/AliYerlikaya/status/1902974486317502527?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1902974486317502527%7Ctwgr%5Eb285711d5c5635484ed342d978ac41df9678d17d%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Ftechnology%2Fsocial%2Felon-musk-owned-x-may-have-suspended-opposition-accounts-during-turkish-unrest%2Farticleshow%2F119417587.cms" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">said</a>&nbsp;on X, and the Times reported the protests that have followed have been the country’s largest in more than a decade.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Has X Had Issues With Turkey Before?</h2>



Yes. In 2023, when Erdogan was up for&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/turkey-election-president-recep-erdogan-runoff-kemal-kilicdaroglu-nato-rcna86052" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">reelection</a>, then-Twitter’s global affairs team&nbsp;<a href="https://x.com/GlobalAffairs/status/1657219168863756288" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">said</a>&nbsp;in a post it had “taken action to restrict access to some content in Turkey” in response to the legal process and “to ensure Twitter remains available to the people of Turkey.” On his personal account, X owner Elon Musk&nbsp;<a href="https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1657422401754259461" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">responded</a>&nbsp;to allegations of X not supporting free speech by saying, “The choice is have Twitter throttled in its entirety or limit access to some tweets.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">What We Don’t Know</h2>



Exactly how many accounts are being censored in Turkey. In an X post, Yerlikata&nbsp;<a href="https://x.com/AliYerlikaya/status/1902974486317502527?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1902974486317502527%7Ctwgr%5Eb285711d5c5635484ed342d978ac41df9678d17d%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Ftechnology%2Fsocial%2Felon-musk-owned-x-may-have-suspended-opposition-accounts-during-turkish-unrest%2Farticleshow%2F119417587.cms" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">said</a>&nbsp;authorities identified 326 accounts that were inciting crime, 72 of which were abroad. Yusuf Can, coordinator and analyst at the Wilson Center&#8217;s Middle East Program,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/musks-x-suspends-opposition-accounts-turkey-protest-civil-unrest-erdogan-imamoglu-istanbul-mayor/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">told Politico</a>&nbsp;over the weekend most of the accounts were “grassroots activists” and “university-associated activist accounts, basically sharing protest information, locations for students to go.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Big Number</h2>



85.66%. That’s how many removal requests X complied with from Turkey in the back half of 2024, according to its&nbsp;<a href="https://transparency.x.com/content/dam/transparency-twitter/2025/x-global-transparency-report_h2_2024.pdf" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">global transparency report</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Further Reading</h2>



<a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/musks-x-suspends-opposition-accounts-turkey-protest-civil-unrest-erdogan-imamoglu-istanbul-mayor/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Musk’s X suspends opposition accounts in Turkey amid civil unrest</a>&nbsp;(Politico Europe)



<a href="https://apnews.com/article/turkey-istanbul-mayor-protest-journalists-detained-erdogan-f6e803ab00ce86097aba78b3a94ef061" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Turkey detains journalists as protests grow over the jailing of key Erdogan rival</a>&nbsp;(Associated Press)



<a href="https://fortune.com/europe/2025/03/24/turkey-block-x-accounts-unlawful-freedom-of-speech-elon-musk-opposition-mayor-istanbul/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Turkey to block over 700 X accounts—from news organizations, journalists, politicians and students. X calls the decision &#8216;unlawful&#8217; and vows to &#8216;always defend freedom of speech&#8217;</a>&nbsp;(Fortune)



<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/mar/24/journalists-among-more-than-1100-arrested-in-turkey-crackdown-istanbul" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Journalists among more than 1,100 arrested in Turkey crackdown</a>&nbsp;(The Guardian)

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What We Know About Reported X Bans In Turkey—As Musk’s Company Says It Won’t Comply With Government Requests

The streaming giant has been unable to disrupt the video game market, but armed with massive resources and time, its new push to level up could leave its competitors in the dust.



“Netflix has won the streaming wars. Case closed,” analyst Robert Fishman wrote in a MoffettNathanson report published Monday on the streamer’s recent earnings update. “But where does the company go from here? How much more runway for growth is ahead?”



Since November 2021, Netflix, which recently passed 300 million subscribers globally, has been trying to convince users, investors and developers alike that one of the answers to that question can be video games.



And it’s put real money behind that conviction. By fall 2023, according to widely cited reports, Netflix had spent $1 billion on gaming, buying up four smaller development studios and building two of its own in California and Helsinki, Finland, and publishing dozens of titles for mobile devices, including tower defense game&nbsp;Bloons TD&nbsp;and graphic adventure&nbsp;Oxenfree.



Analysts believe the company likely spent another $1 billion on gaming in 2024 alone, increasing its offering to 140 games made available to anyone with a Netflix subscription, all without ads or in-app microtransactions.



Traction in the gaming marketplace has been harder to come by. Netflix’s portfolio of mobile apps have recorded 192 million total downloads, according to data provider Apptopia, and daily active user counts hover around 1.1 million, each fractional compared to mobile publisher competitors and even smaller in relation to Netflix’s overall subscriber base.



“We’re not yet the Netflix of games,” said Netflix president of games Alain Tascan on Wednesday, presenting at the Game Developers Conference in San Francisco. “But that’s exactly where we’re headed.”



Tascan is a newcomer to the streaming giant, having joined the company last July and replacing its original games chief Mike Verdu a few months later. Under his leadership, Netflix is rethinking its gaming strategy, moving out of direct competition with large game developers and into a more supplemental role for its primary streaming offering.



Moving forward, Netflix Games will focus on the development of more games that can be played inside the Netflix app on connected smart TVs, where 70% of Netflix viewership already happens, utilizing phones as the controller via a mobile app. The company also wants to create casual party games that can “replace family game night,” and make more offerings for younger children, which Tascan says make up 15% of Netflix’s linear entertainment viewing hours. And it wants to build more “interactive experiences” that can extend the life of Netflix’s IP from popular homegrown shows and movies, as it has done with&nbsp;Squid Game&nbsp;and&nbsp;Too Hot To Handle.



That’s a far different strategy than the traditional idea of the “Netflix for games,” in which startups like Blacknut and Shadow, as well as tech giants such as Google (Stadia) and Apple (Arcade) and Microsoft (Xbox Game Pass), have built a cloud-based library of games that can be sold for a subscription. Google shut down Stadia in 2023, citing a lack of user interest. Apple and Microsoft have succeeded (on mobile and console, respectively), though primarily as a marketplace for third-party content rather than a home for original creations.



Netflix’s pivot also seems to remove it from the race to create the next blockbuster game like&nbsp;Fortnite&nbsp;or&nbsp;Call of Duty: Warzone, evidenced first in October by dozens of layoffs and the shuttering of its California studio, which was focused on bigger budget AAA game projects, before it had published a single title.



&#8220;[Netflix] shouldn&#8217;t be trying to be something they&#8217;re not,” says Jason Chapman, cofounder and managing partner of gaming venture fund Konvoy Ventures. ”They&#8217;re not a AAA content production house, but they should continue to lean into interactive.&#8221;



This evolution from linear, passive entertainment on Netflix to more interactive experiences makes a lot of sense, in theory. The $180 billion gaming industry now dwarfs the size of traditional Hollywood movies and television (estimated at $100 billion annually), and has become the preferred pastime for younger generations. As far back as 2019, Netflix co-CEO Ted Serandos cited&nbsp;Fortnite&nbsp;as its major competitor for user attention—no doubt one of the reasons the company hired Tascan, who worked previously as an executive at Epic Games on&nbsp;Fortnite.



However, Netflix’s early efforts at line-blurring interactive content—such as the headline-grabbing&nbsp;Black Mirror: Bandersnatch&nbsp;—did not catch on and in November the company announced it would be removing dozens of similar titles from its library entirely. (Bandersnatch&nbsp;is one of only four that remain.)



To date, Netflix has yet to create a game, or any game-like experience, that has captured and maintained the interest of the broader public over an extended time. Even&nbsp;Squid Game: Unleashed, which the company touts as one of its biggest success stories, hit six million downloads when it debuted in December, peaked at nearly 13 million downloads in January and then fell to 700,000 in February and just over 100,000 in March, according to Apptopia data. That game, notably, is the first not to require its players to have a Netflix subscription to play.



Netflix’s answer, in the short term, has been licensing. In December 2023, the company announced it would be offering three old&nbsp;Grand Theft Auto&nbsp;titles to anyone with a Netflix subscription, and to date,&nbsp;GTA: San Andreas&nbsp;has been its most downloaded and played game by far.



Internally, Netflix says it has its own set of criteria for games success, such as subscription acquisition and retention, and the ability to drive engagement back to its linear programming. With&nbsp;Squid Game: Unleashed, the developers experimented with a “watch along” feature that unlocked certain rewards for players who had viewed Seasons One and Two of the show.



&#8220;Those effects are relatively small currently, but frankly so was our investment in games relative to our overall content budget,” said Netflix co-CEO Greg Peters during the company’s earnings call in January. “And we&#8217;re going to stay disciplined about scaling that budget as we see continued scaling in member benefits.&#8221;



What Netflix Games has in its favor is the time and resources to experiment. The company grew its overall revenue by 16% in 2024, generating $10 billion in operating income and nearly $7 billion in free cash flow.



In MoffettNathanson’s recent analysis, it projected continued revenue growth, stronger margins and a higher stock price all without mentioning the gaming division once in the 26-page report.



&#8220;Do I think games are a core focus for them? Absolutely not,” says Chapman. “But this isn&#8217;t a throw away or a Hail Mary pass for them. They&#8217;ve put too much money into this.”



In the not-too-distant future, Chapman predicts Netflix will begin to implement monetization strategies such as in-app purchases and ads—drawing on lessons learned and infrastructure created by the company’s push into linear advertising in 2024—that would bring the viability of the games division into sharper focus. Until then, he says the company can afford to continue searching for its place in the market.



Tascan acknowledges that is a privileged position to be in amidst a games landscape that faced industry-wide layoffs, budget cuts and company closures in 2024. “I say sometimes to the team, ‘We have a golden ticket,’” he said. “What are we going to do with it?”

MainMenu_4K_30.12.2024_10-48-11

Can Netflix Become The Netflix Of Gaming?

Towards the end of 2024, the discovery of trafficked minors at the Stilfontein mines in South Africa’s North West province spoke to a severe trafficking crisis. As it emerged, undocumented children, some as young as 10, were reportedly coerced into forced labor under alleged armed criminal syndicates.



Trafficked from neighboring Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, these children had endured extensive abuse and exploitation. This harrowing discovery revealed systemic failures in combating trafficking. Throughout the annals of history, human trafficking has emerged as a deeply disturbing scourge of humanity. United States Senator Josh Hawley argues: “The swelling epidemic of human trafficking makes a mockery of the law and its protections.”



Endeavors to deal with human trafficking, viewed from both international and legal perspectives, have required a multifaceted approach. By its very definition, human trafficking is not confined to borders, although statistics indicate that Africa is disproportionately impacted. It involves the illegal trade of human beings for exploitation. Such exploitation includes forced labor, sexual exploitation, organ removal, forced marriage and involuntary servitude.



The global estimates paint a crude picture of the plight of many. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), an estimated 24.9 million people worldwide were victims of human trafficking. Sex trafficking, disproportionately impacts women and girls, comprising 99% of its victims. Disturbingly, Africa has one of the highest proportions of human trafficking victims globally. High levels of poverty, pockets of conflict, and weak governance structures have exacerbated the situation on the continent.



Cognizant of the magnitude of this crisis, the international community has responded with key international treaties and protocols aimed at combating human trafficking, including:



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) and its Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (known as the Palermo Protocol).</li>



<li>The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), emphasizes the protection of children from exploitation, including trafficking.</li>



<li>The Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (2005), provides a comprehensive legal framework for protection and prevention.</li>
</ul>



These frameworks provide critical guidance for countries to prevent trafficking, protect victims, and prosecute perpetrators. Yet, there are some apparent gaps in terms of a collective approach. Legal definitions of human trafficking differ from one jurisdiction to another. General elements of the definition include act (recruitment, transportation, transfer), means (coercion, fraud, deception), and purpose (exploitation). However, there is a need for clear definitions. Such definitions are necessary for effective law enforcement and victim protection. Moreover, countries have enacted various laws to combat human trafficking. These laws are often influenced by international agreements. National legal frameworks generally include criminalizing all forms of trafficking, establishing comprehensive victim protection measures and requiring cooperation among law enforcement, social services, and the judicial system.



It also must be noted that efforts to combat human trafficking face significant challenges. Enforcing anti-trafficking laws and prosecuting traffickers is complicated by the cross-border nature of trafficking, resource constraints, and corruption within law enforcement. To improve prosecution rates and victim outcomes, training for law enforcement and judicial personnel is crucial. In Africa, there is an argument to be made for a more synchronized approach. Already, initiatives led by the African Union (AU), such as the Ouagadougou Action Plan, promote coordination among states. There is a focus on sharing intelligence and harmonizing anti-trafficking laws. This is supported by the African Court of Justice and Human Rights, a continental court established by African states to protect human and peoples’ rights across the continent. However, there is scope to increase regional cooperation while addressing the root causes of trafficking on the continent through integrated social and economic development strategies. Furthermore, enforcement should be equipped to identify cases, handle victims sensitively and build strong cases against traffickers. Victims also require comprehensive support services, including safe housing, medical care and access to legal assistance to safely navigate the legal process and reintegrate into society. It is clear that there needs to be systematic reframing of our approach.



The Stilfontein incident is a stark reminder of how many lives we have let slip through the cracks. However, it is also a powerful call for change.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

African Migrants Ensnared By Human Traffickers En Route To Europe

Expert-Speak: The Disturbing Scourge Of Human Trafficking And How To Protect The Vulnerable In Africa

Watched by as many as one billion people worldwide, the 1974 bout saw George Foreman undefeated in 40 fights—then the reigning heavyweight champion—overwhelming Muhammad Ali in the early rounds with his raw power.



George Foreman, the two-time heavyweight boxing champion who contended with Muhammad Ali in Africa’s first-ever heavyweight title fight, the Rumble in the Jungle, has died at the age of 76.



“With profound sorrow, we announce the passing of our beloved George Edward Foreman Sr., who peacefully departed on March 21, 2025, surrounded by loved ones,&#8221; Foreman&#8217;s family shared on Friday on his official Instagram page, requesting privacy as they mourn his loss.



The Rumble in the Jungle fight in Kinshasa, Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo), remains one of the most iconic sporting events in history. Ali, employing his now-famous rope-a-dope strategy, absorbed Foreman’s punches before launching a counterattack that led to an eighth-round knockout, cementing his own legacy.


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="612" src="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/GettyImages-117969243.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-64972" srcset="https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/GettyImages-117969243.jpg 1024w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/GettyImages-117969243-300x179.jpg 300w, https://cms.forbesafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/GettyImages-117969243-768x459.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">George Foreman poses at Imtech Arena on July 2, 2011 in Hamburg, Germany. (Photo by Martin Rose/Bongarts/Getty Images)</figcaption></figure></div>


Born in 1949 in Houston, Texas, Foreman found direction through the Job Corps program, where he discovered boxing. His talent quickly emerged, and at just 19, he won a gold medal in the super-heavyweight division at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics, waving an American flag in the ring at a time of deep racial and political tensions in the U.S.



Foreman’s professional career skyrocketed when he annihilated Joe Frazier in just two rounds to win the heavyweight title in 1973. His combination of size, strength, and relentless aggression made him one of the most feared fighters of his era.



After his loss to Ali, Foreman continued to fight before retiring in 1977. He made a stunning comeback a decade later and, in 1994, at age 45, became the oldest heavyweight champion in history by knocking out Michael Moorer. Outside the ring, he became a global business icon, earning a fortune through the George Foreman Grill, which sold over 100 million units worldwide.



Holyfield once said whereas he is happy for Foreman, he will still remain Evander Holyfield and does not wish to trade places with Big George. Holyfield beat Foreman on points in April 1999 when he defended his three titles.



Reflecting on the 50th anniversary of Rumble in the Jungle, Foreman told The Telegraph, “It amazes me that it was 50 years ago and people are still talking about it, and the term rope-a-dope. I’m just happy that I can remember it, period. I have nothing but fond memories, but at the time, I was devastated at the defeat.’’



The fight was immortalized through the lens of filmmaker Leon Gast, whose Academy Award-winning documentary, When We Were Kings, brought new depth to its narrative. The documentary, featuring insights from cultural icons like Spike Lee and Norman Mailer, framed the match as a cultural and psychological duel, an enduring metaphor for triumph against the odds.

George Foreman in Fight Pose at Nassau Coliseum

Africa’s First-Ever Heavyweight Title Contender Dies At 76

As artificial intelligence reshapes healthcare, the fight against cancer is witnessing unprecedented breakthroughs, from microscopic nanorobots to virtual treatment twins. This acceleration in drug discovery is just one example of AI&#8217;s impact on oncology, now and in the future.



According to the British Journal of Cancer, cancer research is one of the most heavily-funded areas of science. Billions are poured into research every year but the main ways in which we treat cancer – surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy – haven&#8217;t changed in the past 80 years.



But now artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming this landscape entirely, revolutionizing not just how doctors diagnose and treat cancer, but how we discover new treatments. “I think we are really in the golden age of scientific discovery, powered by the cloud and AI at scale,” says Dr Rowland Illing, Amazon Web Services’ Chief Medical Officer and Director of Global Healthcare and Nonprofits. At its core, cancer presents a fundamental challenge: cells that go rogue, growing and dividing uncontrollably without the normal genetic &#8216;braking system&#8217; that regulates cell growth.



“But finding a way to put the brakes on is where it gets interesting,” says Dr Divya Chander, a physician, neuroscientist and futurist. For Chander, there are three key areas where AI is making significant inroads: drug discovery, designing new therapeutics (like living medicines) and precision clinical trials and precision medicine.



From data to diagnosis



Traditional drug discovery is expensive and time-consuming but AI models can accelerate the process by identifying shared genomic features across diseases to predict effectiveness. “It&#8217;s incredibly helpful because with older medications, we already know they&#8217;re safe,” says Chander. “When we find drugs that are useful for another indication, it’s really an extraordinary gift.” This is particularly important for rare and undiagnosed diseases, including certain cancers, that affect over 300 million people globally (but only 5%-7% have FDA-approved treatments).



A new open-source AI model called TxGNN, developed by Harvard Medical School researchers, aims to close this gap by identifying drug candidates for over 17,000 diseases, including rare cancers, using existing medicines. Then there’s Insilico Medicine, a Hong Kong-based biotechnology startup, who now has one of the first AI-discovered drugs to enter the clinical pipeline. The company’s own Pharma.AI platform, which includes tools like PandaOmics and Chemistry42, uses multiple AI models trained on millions of data samples to identify disease targets and design new drug compounds. What’s really exciting about this is the speed. Insilico reached the first phase of clinical trials in just two and a half years, compared to the traditional six-year timeline, and at a fraction of the usual $400 million cost. “It can cost over a billion dollars per drug and take over a decade and a lot of lives are lost in that time,” adds Chander.



This acceleration in drug discovery is just one example of AI&#8217;s impact on oncology. Working with Genomics England, Illing and his team faced an immense challenge: analysing thousands of scientific papers about genetic links to diseases. “They have a team of bio curators – experts who do searches, pull out papers, read them and work out the associations between disease types and genes,” explains Illing. But with so much key data on cancer and genetics being published, Genomics England’s manual review process couldn’t keep up with the sheer volume of research. Illing’s team worked on an AI solution – automated bio-curation – which transformed this landscape completely. “Over an eight to 10-week period, we built a generative AI platform that was able to look at all of those papers published and identify 20 new gene associations which previously were not known,” Illing says, adding that if they had manually looked at all the data, it would be out of date. “The role of AI is very much automation. It&#8217;s how do you take stuff which needs to be done at scale globally, make it faster and take off the burden of the care providers?”



The digital patient



This revolutionary approach isn&#8217;t simply fast-tracking research, it&#8217;s shifting how quickly scientific discoveries can become life-saving treatments. Among these innovations, AI is being utilized to create increasingly sophisticated simulations of disease progression in virtual environments called digital twins. In fact, Research and Markets have projected that the digital twin industry will reach $130.77 billion by 2029, driven by demand in healthcare and pharmacology. In a new research paper published in Nature Medicine on digital twins, Dr Eric Stahlberg, a Leidos scientist, explained that “if you look at the aerospace industry, they&#8217;re using digital twins extensively to simulate fluid dynamics and materials processing to improve engine and aircraft designs. There are many similarities between those models and newer models that simulate the human cardiovascular and circulatory systems,” he continues. “The complexity of the human body is so substantial that there will always be uncertainty in the models. But ultimately, digital twins will inform patients, help them rank various treatment options and increase their chances of survival.&#8221;



UK Biobank, a global biomedical database and research hub, currently has a project underway that’s using AI to create detailed digital twins that mirror how cancer develops and responds to treatment for individual patients. “Digital twins enable precision care in a way that could never be done before,” says Chander. These computer models are groundbreaking because they combine multi-modal data from genetic patterns and protein behavior to chemical changes in the body and patients&#8217; full medical histories. “Most of the models that are coming out to date, like ChatGPT or Claude, have been language models, but we&#8217;re seeing a shift into large data models,” explains Illing. “Healthcare isn&#8217;t just language – it&#8217;s also genomics, proteins and imaging. By integrating all of those different data streams you get a much better idea, upfront, about what kind of treatment a patient can have.” By analyzing this rich mixture of biological and clinical information, UK Biobank’s AI system can spot subtle warning signs that traditional methods might overlook. First tackling pancreatic cancer, where the complex mixture of different cells in tumors makes early detection difficult, the team is hoping to look at lung, breast, colon, prostate, skin and bladder cancers in the future.



These AI breakthroughs are reshaping how doctors approach cancer treatment, turning an uncontrollable disease into one they can analyze, track and target with unprecedented precision. It’s a new era in medicine where cutting-edge technology can customize care. “The promise of personalized medicine is that when you come in with your specific problem, you will be treated as an individual, rather than just one of a &#8216;this sex, this age, in this environment&#8217;,” ends Illing. “AI is already having a massive impact on this kind of tailored understanding of what patients have got but also how things evolve over time.”



Will next-gen oncology be driven by nanorobots?



Remember those illustrations in the 1976 children&#8217;s book The Value of Believing in Yourself: The Story of Louis Pasteur? Tiny warriors drawn inside syringes, ready to battle disease. What once captured children&#8217;s imaginations is now a scientific reality. Today, AI is turning this vivid imagery into a radical new approach to fighting cancer: nanorobotics – sophisticated molecular machines that are redefining how we target and treat tumors. “These are kind of like rocket ships,” explains Dr Divya Chander, “your rocket ship could be a bacterial cell, or it could be a virus&#8230; or it can be a nanorobot that we create, but essentially it can hold a payload. And so, the shell, the main structure, is something that can actually be activated, like a heat seeking missile.” These tiny machines, typically measuring between 1 to 100 nanometers, are programmed to act as precision delivery systems. One breakthrough example comes from Arizona State University, where researchers have developed DNA nanorobots loaded with thrombin. These microscopic warriors seek out cancer cells and effectively starve tumors by cutting off their blood supply – a far cry from the broad, systemic effects of traditional chemotherapy. The development of nanorobots goes hand-in-hand with what Chander calls “living medicines”. Instead of traditional drugs, living medicine uses nature’s own tools (like bacteria or viruses) to fight diseases. It&#8217;s almost like having tiny helpers that can do things our bodies can&#8217;t do on their own. “A living medicine involves programming a life form to deliver a specific treatment, unlike traditional medicines, which are molecules that spread passively through the body based on physics and chemistry,” explains Chander. “These targeted therapies are extraordinary because they don&#8217;t come with the same side effects as systemic drugs… and chemotherapy is toxic.” What makes nanobots so exciting for cancer treatment is their ability in precisely attacking tumor cells. One new study found that nanorobots reduced tumor size by 65.2% compared to chemotherapy&#8217;s 40.5% reduction. They also delivered drugs with an impressive 92.7% accuracy, detected tumors nearly twice as fast and caused significantly fewer side effects. Most strikingly, patients treated with nanorobots achieved a 78% survival rate within 12 months, compared to 54% for those on chemotherapy.

3D virus cells attacking a DNA strand

A New Era In Oncology: Tackling The Dreaded ‘C’ Word With AI

The company known for its festive fruit baskets just launched a new website for hemp-derived, THC-infused beverages and gummies.



Edible Brands, the parent company of the fruit basket outfit Edible Arrangements, is taking a bite of the cannabis industry.



The Georgia-based company, which had $500 million in annual sales last year, launched Edibles.com this week, an e-commerce site that sells hemp-derived THC products made by some of the biggest brands in the marijuana industry, including&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2023/06/01/nancy-whiteman-interview-wana-brands-cannabis-edibles-empire/">Wana</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/profile/kiva-confections-kristi-and-scott-palmer/">Kiva</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2021/04/23/meet-cann-the-bestselling-cannabis-beverage-thats-coming-hard-at-hard-seltzer-ellen-degeneres-weed-drinks/">Cann</a>. Edible Brands is&nbsp;not&nbsp;selling marijuana, which is federally illegal, but is focusing on THC products derived from hemp,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2024/10/05/hemp-madness-why-the-government-is-waging-war-against-marijuanas-legal-cousin/">marijuana’s less potent and federally legal cannabis cousin</a>.



But these products are still strong enough to get customers stoned. “This is a really natural fit for us,” Edible Brands CEO Somia Farid Silber tells&nbsp;Forbes. “We&#8217;re already called ‘edible’, right? We know that sometimes there’s even a little bit of an expectation from a customer for [cannabis] products.”



Edibles.com, which the company acquired last year, will launch in Texas first but will soon expand to Georgia, Florida, North and South Carolina, and expects to go nationwide later this year. With its network of more than 700 Edible Arrangements stores, the company says customers can order online and get their cannabis products delivered to their door faster than an old school pot dealer.



“We have an incredible delivery network with our franchisees for fulfillment—we can reach 70% of U.S. households within an hour,” says Silber.



Because marijuana is still illegal at the federal level but hemp has enough THC to get someone high, some of the weed industry’s biggest players have started selling hemp products outside of dispensaries. The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2024/04/19/the-cannabis-civil-war-hemp-vs-marijuana/">hemp and marijuana industry used to be at war</a>, but over the last year some of the biggest cannabis companies, from Curaleaf and Trulieve to Kiva and Wana, have embraced the federal legality of hemp-derived cannabinoids, thanks to the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.fda.gov/news-events/congressional-testimony/hemp-production-and-2018-farm-bill-07252019" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">2018 Farm Bill</a>, and started selling their own products.



The hemp products industry is even bigger than the marijuana sector, which has been throttled by a <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2021/04/30/state-legal-cannabis-companies-pays-insane-tax-rates-thanks-to-a-minnesota-speed-dealer/">punitive federal tax code</a> for drug traffickers and <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2022/08/02/how-america-botched-legalizing-cannabis-berner-cookies-kim-rivers-trulieve-steve-deangelo/?utm_campaign=socialflowForbesMainLI&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;utm_source=ForbesMainLinkedIn">overregulation on the state level</a>. In 2023, hemp products sales hit $28 billion while marijuana sales topped $26 billion, according to <a href="https://www.whitneyeconomics.com/2023-us-national-cannabinoid-report" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Whitney Economics</a>.



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Joe Hodas, the CEO of Wana, one of the country’s best-selling edibles manufacturers, says he sees hemp as a way to expand to states that do not have recreational marijuana laws. Wana has also started selling its hemp-derived THC beverage line in Total Wine stores.



This is not the first time Edible Brands dipped into the cannabis space. In 2019, Edible Arrangements&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/21/business/edible-arrangements-cbd/index.html" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">launched its own CBD edibles line</a>, which are not psychoactive. But this pivot to THC is even more bold. And it’s a signal that cannabis products, especially edibles and beverages, have gone mainstream.



In 1999, Pakistani immigrant Tariq Farid launched the first Edible Arrangements store in Connecticut. Now based in Georgia, the company has become the go-to fruit basket gifting company by selling chocolate covered strawberries, cookies and bouquets of cut fruit for birthdays, anniversaries, funerals and other life milestones. In addition to its franchised stores across the U.S., Edible Brands also owns freshfuit.com and Roti, a fast-casual Mediterranean restaurant chain.



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Edible Brands is going headlong into the political battle over THC hemp products currently underway in Texas. Lt. Governor Dan Patrick is leading a push to shutter the industry, which is composed of more than 8,000 hemp shops across the state. On Wednesday, the Texas Senate passed a bill&nbsp;<a href="https://www.texastribune.org/2025/03/19/texas-senate-hemp-ban-thc-dan-patrick/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">that would ban all products containing THC</a>, including gummies, vapes, flower, and beverages. The bill has not become law as the House still needs to vote on its proposal, which would regulate, not eliminate, the state’s hemp market. None of this is stopping Edible Brands.



The company is also building a flagship Edibles store in downtown Atlanta. The company will own the first few hemp products stores under this concept but will eventually open the model up to franchisees.



“We&#8217;re treating it like a bodega style [store],” says Thomas Winstanley, the executive vice president of Edibles.com. “We want to make it feel like it&#8217;s a regular consumer experience that&#8217;s elevated, that&#8217;s premium, and doesn&#8217;t feel like you&#8217;re walking into a smoke shop, or a gas station.”



When asked if Edible Brands is betting its future on cannabis, Silber, the founder’s daughter, is clear. “For us, this is just one of the pillars of our growth strategy,” she says. “It&#8217;s definitely not a make or break type of thing. We&#8217;re going to continue to diversify and grow this brand, just as we are with [our] other brands.”

Chocolate CBD bites

Edible Arrangements Can Now Get You High—On Edibles

The decorated former Olympian and Zimbabwe’s sports minister Kirsty Coventry will replace Thomas Bach as President of the IOC.



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“It&#8217;s a signal that we&#8217;re truly global…”
</blockquote>



Double Olympic champion Kirsty Coventry continues to set new records after she was elected president of the International Olympic Committee on Thursday, becoming the first woman, first African and youngest-ever to hold the prestigious post in the 130-year history of the organization. Zimbabwean Coventry, 41, needed only one round of voting as she secured her mandate, replacing outgoing president Thomas Bach, who did not stand for re-election.



&#8220;It is a really powerful signal,&#8221; Coventry said. &#8220;It&#8217;s a signal that we&#8217;re truly global and that we have evolved into an organization that is truly open to diversity and we&#8217;re going to continue.&#8221;



Coventry won 49 of the 97 votes in the first round for a majority ahead of Juan Antonio Samaranch Jr, who earned 28 and finished in second. Sebastian Coe from the United Kingdom was third having managed only eight votes.



&#8220;This is not just a huge honor, but it is a reminder of my commitment to every single one of you that I will lead this organization with so much pride,&#8221; Coventry said at the IOC session in Pylos, Greece.



&#8220;I will make all of you very, very proud, and hopefully extremely confident with the choice you&#8217;ve taken today, thank you from the bottom of my heart.



&#8220;I&#8217;m going to sit down with President Bach. We&#8217;re going to have a few months for a handover takeover. And what I want to focus on is bringing all the candidates together. There were so many good ideas and exchanges over the last six months.”



The next Summer Olympic Games are in Los Angeles in 2028 and Coventry must navigate an increasingly difficult geopolitical landscape that will inevitably spill over into sport.



&#8220;We need to look at the IOC and our Olympic movement and family and decide how exactly we&#8217;re going to move forward in the future,” she said. “What is it that we want to focus on in the first six months? I have some ideas, but a part of my campaign was listening to the IOC members and hearing what they have to say and hearing how we want to move together.



&#8220;It&#8217;s extremely important we have to be a united front and we have to work together. We don&#8217;t and we might not always agree, but we have to be able to come together for the betterment of the movement.&#8221;



Coventry is a decorated former Olympian having won two gold medals, four silver and a bronze in backstroke and medley events in the pool.



She shone at the Athens (2004) and Beijing (2008) Games. &#8220;Greece seems to be my lucky charm,&#8221; she said with a smile.



Since retirement she has turned to politics having been Zimbabwe’s sports minister since 2018.



A champion of the African continent, Coventry has pledged to expand Olympic participation and ensure the Games remain relevant to younger generations.

144th International Olympic Committee (IOC) Session – Day Two

Meet The First Woman, First African And Youngest-Ever To Be Head Of The 130-Year-Old International Olympic Committee

These Ugandan game designers and founders are holding up a mirror to society with their art.



As many a traveler knows, you’re never alone if you’ve packed some cards. You could indulge in the terse isolation of solitaire, but in East Africa you can make an instant friend with an invitation to a game of matatu, a simple, addictive pastime played with a standard 53-card pack. The game is often encountered on the eponymous minibuses in the region, as seats can sometimes be turned to face each other so a feisty card battle can ensue.



A colonial acculturation introduced from Europe, card play thrived in the brighter, warmer climes of the African continent, where playing games like matatu on the streets triggered a viral propagation of these easily learned diversions.



Since returning home after studying abroad, two childhood friends have created a company that reconfigures the hobby with a Ugandan twist, tapping into card games’ inherent sociability and low barrier to entry. Denzel Muhumuza and JJ Asiimwe are the founders of the company Mizano, and creators of a vivacious range of games that draw on the cultural idiosyncrasies of modern Uganda.



“The name Mizano is derived from the Ankole language, and refers to the act of playing,” says Muhumuza, the company’s managing director, and designer of the games’ vibrant artwork.



“Uganda has a huge gaming culture. At the market in downtown Kampala, people are always playing cards. So we&#8217;re trying to plug into that gaming ecosystem. The issue is that they’re playing with cards that arrived in the 19th century – a White queen, a White king. We want people to play games that are inflected with their cultural identity. That was our driving mission: to uniquely celebrate our culture.”



Their flagship product is Mulodi, a property game that leans hard into the spiky back-and-forth of East Africa’s notoriously perilous real estate hustle: in a mischievous nod to the urban landscape’s ubiquitous painted ‘this land is not for sale’ signs, the game even allows you steal another player’s estate (and bank the proceeds).



“It&#8217;s about making money – and trying to protect your property from other people!” says JJ Asiimwe, Mizano’s co-director. He points out some of the game’s action cards. “Banja means getting back money from someone who owes you. And this one is ‘wedding meeting’, which means everyone has to pay you 20 million shillings towards your wedding. Weddings are a big part of our culture, and a lot of people have a meeting where you might have a community help you fundraise.”



The name of the Mulodi game, which now has a safari real-estate spin-off, is another hat-tip to the stratified financial power-wielding of Ugandan society. “A rich, successful person is called a mulodi,” Muhumuza says. “Here, there are no land titles. It’s all based on your neighbors knowing you own the land. That&#8217;s what we tried to capture: people are always trying to get ahead ‘differently’. So, if you&#8217;re playing this game, it’s about understanding your partners are riddled with corruption&#8230;”



It&#8217;s an affectionate but unflinching satire about the nefarious goings-on in everyday economic life, and a deliberate effort to educate as well as entertain (the company also produces a skew called Eyedentify, a symbol-matching game especially popular with children).



Do the two entrepreneurs feel a responsibility to decolonize popular gaming culture for this new generation of card players?



“Every problem’s an opportunity, right?” says Asiimwe. “It reflects what we’re going through. We were educated in this system, and went abroad; now we’re back, reconnecting with our roots. So, it feels good, because it’s in line with what we’re doing with our own lives. We’re doing it for business – but we’re also contributing to society.”

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